Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment can inadvertently make patients much more vulnerable to sunburn, even with brief sun exposure. Certain medications commonly used to manage RA can trigger photosensitivity – an immune system-related reaction that heightens the skin’s sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This isn’t just a cosmetic issue; even one severe sunburn significantly raises the long-term risk of skin cancer.
Which Drugs Increase Sensitivity?
Several drugs prescribed for RA are linked to photosensitivity. These include:
- Methotrexate: A disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD).
- Azathioprine: Another immunosuppressant.
- Cyclosporine: Used to suppress the immune system.
- Leflunomide: Another DMARD.
- Hydroxychloroquine: Often prescribed for RA and lupus.
- NSAIDs (Naproxen, Ibuprofen): Common pain relievers with photosensitivity risks.
Research shows that methotrexate and naproxen have the strongest evidence linking them to heightened sun sensitivity. Some doctors also prescribe off-label medications like mycophenolate mofetil or cyclophosphamide for RA, which may also contribute to the problem.
Why This Matters
The immune systems of RA patients already struggle to regulate inflammation. The medications that suppress this inflammation can also weaken the skin’s natural defenses against UV damage.
The unpredictability of how long these drugs remain active in the body makes protection difficult. Some drugs clear within 36 hours, while others linger longer. It is best to err on the side of caution when exposed to the sun.
How to Protect Your Skin
If you take RA medication, take these steps to minimize sunburn risk:
- Sunscreen: Use broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30+) daily, reapplying every two hours or more if sweating or swimming. Find a formula you like so that you use it consistently.
- Protective Clothing: Wear wide-brimmed hats, long sleeves, and long pants. Consider sun-protective clothing designed for sensitive skin.
- Sunglasses: Protect your eyes with UV-blocking sunglasses.
- Avoid Tanning Beds: Tanning beds are just as dangerous as natural sunlight.
- Regular Checkups: See a dermatologist annually for skin cancer screening. TNF inhibitors used for RA may increase skin cancer risk. Self-examine your skin monthly for new or changing moles.
Medication Alternatives
If you’re experiencing severe photosensitivity, discuss alternative medications with your doctor.
In conclusion, RA medications can significantly increase sunburn risk, raising the odds of skin cancer. By taking proactive sun protection measures and working with a doctor, patients can minimize these dangers and safeguard their health.
