Recent research suggests a connection between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and reduced fertility in both men and women. A study published in Human Reproduction analyzed data from 1,450 participants – 800 women and 650 male partners – tracking their dietary habits during early pregnancy and linking them to reproductive outcomes. The findings indicate that higher intake of these foods may be associated with lower conception rates and subtle developmental issues in early pregnancy.
What the Study Found
The study revealed distinct effects for each gender. For women, increased consumption of ultra-processed foods correlated with smaller embryo and yolk sac sizes at seven weeks of gestation, potentially increasing the risk of complications like premature birth or miscarriage. For men, higher intake was linked to a greater likelihood of subfertility – difficulty conceiving within 12 months or the need for assisted reproductive technologies.
The average ultra-processed food intake among participants was around 22% for women and 25% for men. While these differences were described as “small,” researchers emphasize their significance given the global rise in ultra-processed food consumption.
Why This Matters
This isn’t the first study to suggest a link between diet and fertility. Poor nutrition can disrupt hormone production, diminish egg and sperm quality, and create systemic inflammation that impairs reproductive health. The new research reinforces the idea that both partners should focus on their diets when trying to conceive.
For men, nutrients like zinc, antioxidants, and healthy fats are crucial for sperm quality. Women benefit from folate, vitamin D, and omega-3s to support egg quality and hormone balance. Ultra-processed foods tend to lack these vital nutrients while promoting inflammation and insulin resistance, potentially sabotaging fertility.
“It’s likely easier to make sustainable lifestyle changes as a couple,” says study co-author Romy Gaillard, MD, PhD.
Expert Recommendations
Fertility specialists recommend prioritizing whole, minimally processed foods while limiting refined sugars, unhealthy fats, and excessive alcohol. Aim for at least 80% of your diet to come from unprocessed sources.
However, experts emphasize that diet alone isn’t a cure-all. “A healthy diet alone will not overcome a medical cause for infertility,” warns Josette C. Dawkins, MD, a reproductive endocrinologist. Consult a fertility specialist to rule out underlying medical issues.
The Bottom Line
The growing body of evidence underscores the importance of nutrition in reproductive health. While more research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms at play, reducing ultra-processed food intake and focusing on a nutrient-rich diet is a practical step couples can take to support their fertility and early pregnancy health.
