Chlorine is essential for keeping swimming pools safe, but it’s not without its drawbacks. While it effectively kills bacteria and prevents infections, exposure can lead to several uncomfortable side effects, from dry skin and irritated eyes to potential respiratory issues. Understanding these effects – and how to mitigate them – is crucial for anyone who spends time in chlorinated water.
How Chlorine Affects Your Body
Chlorine works by oxidizing organic matter, including bacteria, oils on your skin, and proteins in your hair. This process, while sanitizing, also strips away natural defenses. Here’s a breakdown of the most common issues:
- Dry, Itchy Skin: Chlorine removes natural oils, weakening the skin’s protective barrier. This leaves pores exposed, making skin vulnerable to further irritation.
- Damaged Hair: Like skin, hair loses natural oils, becoming dry, brittle, and prone to color changes (especially for lighter shades). Oxidized copper in some pools can cause a greenish tint.
- Eye Irritation: Chlorine washes away the tear film that lubricates and protects the eyes, leading to redness, burning, and temporary sensitivity.
- Respiratory Problems: When chlorine mixes with sweat, dirt, and bodily fluids, it creates chloramines. These volatile gases irritate airways, causing coughing, wheezing, and potentially triggering asthma symptoms.
What You Can Do About It
Preventing these effects requires proactive measures. The key is minimizing exposure and restoring natural defenses afterward:
- Immediate Showering: Rinse off thoroughly with gentle soap as soon as you exit the pool to remove residual chlorine. Avoid harsh exfoliants, as they further irritate skin. Follow up with a thick moisturizer while skin is still damp.
- Hair Protection: Saturate hair with clean water before entering the pool to reduce chlorine absorption. Afterward, use a clarifying shampoo to remove chemicals and follow with a deep conditioner. Swim caps are the most effective barrier.
- Eye Safety: Avoid wearing contact lenses in chlorinated pools, as they trap chemicals against the eye. Swim goggles provide the best protection. If goggles aren’t an option, splash closed eyes with fresh water immediately after swimming. Lubricating eye drops can also help.
- Respiratory Awareness: Be mindful of strong chlorine odors, which indicate high chloramine levels. Indoor pools are often more problematic due to poor ventilation. If you have asthma, keep your reliever inhaler nearby and consult your pulmonologist if symptoms worsen.
Chlorine Sensitivity vs. Allergy
Reactions to chlorine are rarely true allergies. Instead, they’re typically sensitivities or irritations exacerbated by existing conditions like eczema or psoriasis. If you experience recurring symptoms – coughing, skin rashes, or severe irritation – consult an allergist to rule out other potential triggers and manage underlying conditions.
The Bottom Line
Chlorine is a necessary evil for pool safety, but it comes with trade-offs. By understanding the risks and taking simple precautions, swimmers can minimize discomfort and enjoy their time in the water without long-term consequences. Prioritizing post-swim care, protecting vulnerable areas, and being aware of environmental factors are essential for a healthy and enjoyable swimming experience.
